Tint is a gradation of a color made by adding white to it to lessen its saturation.
Tone is the relative lightness or darkness of a color.
Shade is a color to which black has been added to darken or lower the value of the color.
Neutrals are pure earth colors such as grays, tans and browns. These colors tend to be subtle and can be used easily with other colors.
Warm colors are all the colors on the yellow and red side of the color wheel. Yellow, Yellow/Orange, Orange, Red Orange, Red, Red/Purple, Purple are all warm colors. All colors on the color wheel can be both warm and cool except Orange.
Cool colors are all the colors on the Green and Blue side of the color wheel. Yellow, Yellow/Green, Green, Blue/Green, Blue, Blue/Purple, Purple are all cool colors. All colors on the color wheel can be both warm and cool except Orange.
Transparent colors are thinned with medium or water to create a wash or a glaze of color that you can see through to the underlying surface.
Translucent color is semi-transparent. It has been thinned with medium or water, but is milky, frosted or foggy and can only be seen through partially.
Opaque is color that covers the surface sufficiently so that you cannot see through it.
Glaze is a transparent or translucent layer of color applied as a wash over another color or surface to slightly alter the tone, temperature or value of an area.